How to Get Your Car Ready for Winter

Fall is here. It's time to think about getting your car ready for winter. Soon the temperature will plunge, and ice will cover the roads. To avoid being caught off guard, take care of this before the first hard frost. Statistics show that accidents rise sharply once the cold sets in, largely because many drivers haven't gotten around to changing their tires yet. The first thing to think about is, of course, your tires. There are three main types: winter, summer, and all-season. It would be convenient to have one set of tires for the whole year and not bother with seasonal swaps. Unfortunately, all-season tires are not a good fit for places with harsh winters, since they are designed for temperatures no lower than about -5 °C (23 °F), and in many regions winter temperatures drop far below that. Winter tires are further divided into studded and non-studded (studless). Make your choice based on how you use your car. If you don't plan to leave the city, your roads are usually clear of snow, and your winters aren't as severe as in the far north, a studless tire may be enough. Studless tires come in two broad types: "European" and "Nordic" (Scandinavian). For snowy, icy roads, the Nordic type is a better choice, since it has a more aggressive, jagged tread pattern and gives better grip on the road surface. If your area rarely sees bare pavement in winter and the cold cuts to the bone, then by all means go with studded tires. Another option is to have studs installed in studless tires you already own, if the tires are made for it. For help choosing new tires, you can turn to a tire specialist, as well as to car magazines, buyer's guides, and online reviews. Also keep in mind that tires have a limited shelf life: they should generally be replaced about 5 to 6 years after the production date (check the DOT code on the sidewall). When buying, inspect the tire carefully, since some sellers pass off defective or old tires as new. After the swap, it's a good idea to drive 100-200 km (60-125 miles) at a relaxed pace so you can get used to the new tires and see how the car behaves on the road. Unfortunately, winter preparation doesn't end with new tires. It's best to take your car to a shop for a checkup and any necessary work. In winter the body is exposed to cold, moisture, and road chemicals (salt), so a rust-proofing treatment is a good idea. Also check the battery's condition, and replace it if needed, or at least carry a set of jumper cables. Pay attention to the brakes, which are the most important system in winter. You can install new spark plugs to avoid engine starting problems. Switch the washer fluid to a winter, anti-freeze type, check the antifreeze (coolant) concentration and its freezing point, and change or top off the engine oil if necessary. Remember that you shouldn't drive a car that isn't ready for winter. It can be dangerous not only for you but for other drivers too. Good luck, and drive safe out there!